Additive Manufacturing

Which of the following is not a source of pyrogens in parenterals?

• Freshly distilled water
• Equipment
• Container
• API

It is the cost of products that have been completed and are waiting to be sold to customers.

• Finished goods
• Work in process
• Cost of goods sold
• Raw materials
• Manufacturing cost

State the statement is True or False: The main purpose of the STL file format is to encode the surface geometry of a 3D object.

• True

The part of the tablet machine used for compacting the materials

• Dies
• Feed frame
• Punches
• Cam

____ is a vegetable dye, used for centuries to impart a red tint to the hair

• Henna
• Zirconium
• Coal tar dyes
• Azo dyes

The inert substance used to increase the bulk of the tablet

• Diluent
• Binder
• Glidant
• Granulator

Producing high-quality goods at the lowest possible cost is the focus of _________ manufacturing.

• Lean

Exactly the right number of parts are kept in the factory and are ordered or scheduled to come in only when more are needed

• Combining
• Manufacturing
• Just-In-Time Inventory
• Separating
• Work Cell

small computers that control individual machines on assembly lines

• PLCs
• Quality Assurance
• Subsystem
• Work Cell
• Just-In-Time Inventory

Added substance for multiple-dose parenterals

• All of the above
• Antioxidants
• Antimicrobials
• Buffers

Precise or controlled removal of the raw material, usually with a drill, chisel, or saw blade to reveal the products desired shape.

• Joining
• Machining
• Forming
• Casting

The following are examples of non-aqeous parenteral vehicles, EXCEPT:

• Magnesium stearate
• Glycerin
• Polyethylene glycols
• Fixed vegetable oils

The following are considered as tablets for solution, EXCEPT:

• Effervescent tablet
• Hypodermic tablet
• None of the choices
• Sublingual tablet

Changing materials into consumable products

• Technology
• Subsystem
• PLCs
• Manufacturing
• Quality Assurance

The following affect significantly the disintegration time of tablets, EXCEPT:

• Diluent
• Binder
• Disintegrant
• Lubricant

Materials that satisfy human wants and provide utility (1 word only)

• Goods

Aerosol preparations are used to treat problems with the following, EXCEPT:

• GIT
• Vaginal
• Respiratory
• Dermal

The bioavailability of the drug is dependent on tablet

• Hardness
• Dissolution
• Thickness
• Weight

The following are examples of small-volume parenterals, EXCEPT:

• Dialysate
• Ampules
• Vials
• Pre-filled syringes

working cooperatively with a team in a small area

• PLCs
• Subsystem
• Separating
• Work Cell
• Combining

How was the Quiz questions level of difficulty (1-Very Easy, 2- Easy, 3- Average, 4- Difficult, 5- Very Difficult)

Common uses of LVP solutions without additives include the following, EXCEPT:

• Therapeutic agent
• Correction of electrolyte and fluid balance disturbances
• Nutrition
• Vehicle for administering other drugs

Is the process where a raw material is reshaped to form the desired part

• Casting
• Forming
• Machining
• Joining

Glidants are substances that glue powders together and cause them to form granules

• True
• False

Which is done to prevent sedimentation in preparing ointments using heat?

• Continuous stirring while cooling
• Pre-dissolution
• Allowing the preparation to stand while cooling
• Levigation

Products made with no interruption in the production line. Goods are being created 24/7, all day every day.

• Custom Manufacturing
• Batch Manufacturing
• Continuous Manufacturing
• Assembly Line

The use of too much binder will adversely affect

• Bioavailability
• Disintegration time
• Dissolution rate
• All of the choices

Which of the following is the process of pre-processing stage?

• Remove support
• Checking 3D CAD data
• De-powdering loose material
• Dip in binder to strengthen the part

Examples of primary packaging component, EXCEPT:

• Ampules
• Bottles
• Package boxes
• Vials

Type of tablet not requiring disntegration testing

• Chewable tablet
• Sugar-coated tablet
• Enteric-coated tablet
• Modified-release tablet

_____ was defined by Charles W. Hull as a "system for generating threedimensional objects by creating a cross-sectional pattern of the object to be formed"

• Stereolithography

Aerosol component which supplies the necessary force to expel the product from the package

• Propellant
• Actuator
• Valve
• API concentrate

Which of the following would not play a part in designing for manufacturability?

• Getting rid of employees to increase profit
• Fitting a product into a factory that already exists
• Using materials that are easily available
• Using materials that can be recycled

The process of making goods.

• Engineering Design Process
• Joining
• Manufacturing
• Machining

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The following is a reason for sieving:

• To reduce agglomerates
• Prevent stratification
• For uniformity of particle size
• All of the choices

UPC is when computers are used to control machines.

• True
• False

Cutting materials to size and shape

• Work Cell
• Separating
• Just-In-Time Inventory
• Manufacturing
• Combining

The starting material of the Stereolithography method is....

• Solid
• Liquid
• Powder
• Gas

Secondary processes turn industrial materials into ______.

3D Printing; the process of making a part from a digital model by adding material in layers

• Interchangeable Parts
• Subtractive Manufacturing
• Forming
• Additive Manufacturing

Processes in which we turn raw materials into standard stock.

• Secondary Process
• Machining
• Subtractive Manufacturing
• Primary Process

Blows pre-filtered air to a controlled area to sweep off contaminants.

• HEPA filter
• HVAC
• Air-lock system
• Positive pressure cubicle

Is when a liquid material is poured into a mold, which represents a hollow version of the part.

• Forming
• Joining
• Machining
• Casting

Products made in groups, where the components of a product are traditionally completed at one station before moving to the next station.

• Continuous Manufacturing
• Custom Manufacturing
• Assembly Line
• Batch Manufacturing

Creating identical or nearly identical parts to be mass produced. These parts can then be put together to form a product.

• Forming
• Additive Manufacturing
• Interchangeable Parts
• Subtractive Manufacturing

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Products are mass produced in customized production.

• True
• False

2013 to Till date the Rapid Prototyping based product widely used in ____________________ application

Which one of the process is subtractive prototyping?

• 5 axis CNC Milling
• Fused Deposition Modeling
• Digital Light Process (DLP)
• Stereolithography Apparatus

Process of converting STL file model in to layers is

• Chopping
• Slicing
• Cutting
• Trimming

List few inputs of Rapid Prototyping

Consist of one or more sterile drugs added to an IV fluid

• IV admixture
• Dialysate
• Irrigating solutions
• Electrolytes

Capping is the unequal distribution of color on the surface of the tablet.

• True
• False

The best method to compress two ingredients which are chemically incompatible with each other

• Direct compression
• Layered compression
• Dry granulation
• Wet granulation

Composed of 2 security doors that can't be opened at the same time

• Air-lock system
• HEPA filter
• Positive pressure cubicle
• HVAC

Putting two materials together into one

• Subsystem
• Work Cell
• Separating
• Manufacturing
• Combining

Starch can be a diluent a binder and a disintegrator

• True
• False

Disintegration is required as a QC test for tablets because it determines ability of the tablet to be dissolved

• True
• False

It is the cost of products being processed and not yet completed at end of period.

• Finished goods
• Work in process
• Raw materials
• Factory overhead
• Supplies

The usual administration site for spinal anesthesia

• Intrathecal
• Epidural
• Vertebral
• MOM

Processes in which we turn standard stock into finished products is called... (first word only)

• secondary

Using Manufacturing Processes to remove materials from goods as they are created.

• Forming
• Interchangeable Parts
• Subtractive Manufacturing
• Additive Manufacturing

Workers helping to solve problems to help make the product better is an example of

• An automated factory
• Just-in-time manufacturing
• Rapid manufacturing
• Continuous improvement

A SL machine consists of a build platform (substrate) which is mounted in a vat of resin ___________ type laser is used.

Polymers used in Fused deposition modeling EXCEPT

• Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
• Polycarbonate (PC)
• Polylactic Acid (PLA)
• Granular Pellets (PC)

Which of the process, the input material are in Liquid form?

___ refers to all the costs of producing the goods that cannot be classified as direct materials or direct labor costs.

• Manufacturing overhead

Box 3 is the

• output

Which of the following are the process in RP cycle?

A necessary component particularly for multiple dose parenterals.

• Antimicrobials
• Antioxidants
• Buffers
• Tonicity adjusters

A computing device that has computer hardware with software embedded in it as one of its most important component.

• Operating Systems
• Embedded Systems
• Application System
• Networked Systems

The reason why surfactant is used in the non-aqueous film coat

• To prevent mottling
• To prevent bridging
• To quicken spreading of the coat before complete evaporation occurs
• To make the solvent evaporation slow

In the system model (box diagram) the materials that are used to make the product are called the ____________.

_Select few benefits of Rapid Prototyping

Box 1 is the

• input

Find the next process

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• None of the above

The following are mechanisms of disintegrant action, EXCEPT:

• Swelling
• Air displacement
• Effervescence
• All of the choices

Enteric coated tablets resist the action of gastric juices but disintegrate in the intestine.

• True
• False

It is the sum of the total manufacturing costs plus the beginning work in process less the ending work in process.

• Cost of goods manufactured

The following are considered as sterile products, EXCEPT:

• Syrups
• Irrigating solutions
• Dialysates
• Ophthalmic preparations

Poor flow of the tablet granules may result in incompletely filled dies resulting to thickness variation

• True
• False

_Select any one Liquid type RP from following.

• SLS
• LOM
• SGC
• FDM

Which of the following is not subtractive process?

• Milling
• Stereo-lithography
• Sawing
• EDM

Designed using an 8-bit or 16-bit micro-controller. They can be powered by a battery. The processor uses very less/limited resources of memory and processing speed.

• Small Scale Embedded Systems
• Medium Scale Embedded Systems
• Complex Scale Embedded Systems
• Tiny Scale Embedded Systems

__________ is the process of tiling a surface with one or more geometric shapes such that there are no overlaps or gaps.

• tessellation

Factors that can be manipulated to compress or liquefy gases, EXCEPT:

• Vapor pressure
• Temperature
• Volume
• Boiling point

What is Rapid Prototyping?

• The process by which a model of the final product can quickly be made
• Changing the design of something after production has already begun
• When companies or teams are working on multiple aspects of the same design at one time
• Designing something while competing against other departments

Why should bacteriostatic water for injection be used at a maximum of 5 ml only?

• It contains high conc of preservative
• It is not pyrogen-free
• It does not guarantee prevention of contamination
• It does not contain a preservative

A form of additive manufacturing technology where a three dimensional object is created by laying down successive layers of material

• PCB Milling
• 2D Printing
• Software Prototyping
• 3D Printing

____________________ processes change raw materials into industrial materials.

• Primary

An inert gas that is usually incorporated into an ampule to prevent API oxidation

• Nitrogen
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Ethylene oxide

Which is the correct order of the Product Life Cycle

• Acquisition, distribution, disposal, processing, manufacturing, design, packaging, use
• Use, packaging, design, manufacturing, processing, disposal, distribution, acquisition
• Design, acquisition, processing, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, use, disposal
• Acquisition, design, manufacturing, processing, packaging, distribution, use, disposal

List few disadvantages of SLA

Modifying a product to suit an individual, task, or need.

• Assembly Line
• Continuous Manufacturing
• Batch Manufacturing
• Custom Manufacturing

A smaller system inside a larger system

• PLCs
• Quality Assurance
• Subsystem
• Technology
• Work Cell

_____ deposition modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for modeling, prototyping, and production applications.

• Fused

The part of sugar coating process employed to round off tablet contours

• Polishing
• Subcoating
• Sealing
• Finishing

There should be a balance between the amounts of the binder and the lubricant considering the tablet's release characteristics and maintenance of integrity during handling.

• True
• False

The goal is to test and validate ideas before sharing them with stakeholders and eventually passing the final designs to engineering teams for the development process.

• Prototyping
• Designing
• Analysis
• Revision

Drugs with narrow therapeutic index do not require geometric dilution once added with diluents

• True
• False

Process: CAD model ---> stl file format ---> Transfer to machine ---> ___________?__________

• Post process
• Build
• Machine setup
• Remove

Is the process of removing areas of copper from a sheet of printed circuit board material to recreate the pads, signal traces and structures according to patterns from a digital circuit board plan known as a layout file.

• Milling
• Manual
• Transfer
• Printing

_Select any two aspects of Prototype model

A manufacturer attempting to meet the demand for a Christmas tree would probably use

• Job-lot production
• Custom production
• Occasional production
• Handcraft production

STL file converts curved surfaces into_______.

• Polygons
• Lines
• Surfaces
• Non of the above

Products which need to be sterile and pyrogen-free, EXCEPT:

• Otic solutions
• Ophthalmic solutions
• Irrigating solutions
• Injectables

The separation of the tablet into 2 or more layers

• Picking
• Mottling
• Capping
• Lamination

The length of time that a drug is within the required specification is defined as

• Stability
• Beyond use date
• Shelf life
• Expiration date

Classifications of Embedded Systems EXCEPT

• Stand-alone
• Mobile
• Manual
• Networked

What is the format for prototyping machine file?

• .prt
• .slt
• .stl
• .iges

Using complete sentences, explain what ethics is and why ethics in engineering is important. How does it affects the manufacturing processes of a specific good.

Insulin preparations are usually administered by

• SQ
• IM
• ID
• IV

The following are advantages of aerosols as dosage forms, EXCEPT:

• Inexpensive
• Easy application
• Fine particle size
• Freedom from contamination

The action that creates products is called the process.

• True
• False

Who is considered the father of the assembly line?

• Henry Ford

Checking products to make sure they meet all the specifications and plans

• PLCs
• Quality Assurance
• Subsystem
• Technology
• Work Cell

Box 2 is the

• Process

Colors and dyes in tablet formulations serve these purposes , EXCEPT:

• To disguise off-colored drugs
• To disguise unpleasant-tasting drugs
• To provide product identification
• To produce more elegant products

Is a developer-focused community where users can ask and answer questions.

• Stack Overflow
• Facebook
• Github
• Microsoft Forums

The ability of a formulation to remain within its physical, chemical, therapeutic and toxicological specification is termed

• Stability
• Shelf life
• Expiration date
• Beyond use date

When people use their knowledge to extend their abilities, satisfy their wants and needs and solve problems

• PLCs
• Quality Assurance
• Subsystem
• Technology
• Manufacturing

The equipment/method that can provide the shortest drying time for wet granulations

• Sun drying
• Fluid bed dryer
• Oven dryer
• Incubator

Why is it not necessary for single dose parenteral preparations to carry preservatives?

• There is no danger of contamination
• Single-dose powders for reconstitution are already sterilized
• It does not guarantee prevention of contamination
• It is not pyrogen-free

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The following are the starting material of the Additive Rapid Prototyping process, EXCEPT...

• Powder
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas

Statement -1 : Most liquid-based rapid prototyping systems build parts in a vat of photo-curable liquid resin, an organic resin.

• Statement-1 is true and Statement-2 is False
• Statement-1 is False and Statement-2 is True
• Both statements are true
• Both statements are false

Which process is not a Powdered based Rapid Prototyping

• SLS
• EBM
• MJS
• Micro-fabrication

A type of business that is engaged in buying and selling goods by changing the form of the product through a certain conversion process.

• Merchandising
• Manufacturing
• Service
• Finance
• Infrastructure

Which Rapid Prototyping process uses Photo-sensitive liquid as starting material.

• Laminated Object Manufacturing
• Stereolithography
• _Selective Laser Sintering
• CNC

Antiperspirants retard perspiration because their active ingredients have ____ properties

• Astringent
• Hygroscopic
• Antibacterial
• Moisturizing

Before this historical event we mainly created good by hand, and after by machine/factory.

• Industrial Revolution
• Manufacturing
• Engineering Design Process
• Assembly Line

Box 4 is the

• Process

Products like cakes and cruise ships are made with ________ production.

The following are methods of sterilization, EXCEPT;

• Use of antimicrobials
• Dry heat sterilization
• Ionizing radiation
• Filtration

UV-curable resins which are formulated from photo initiators and reactive liquid monomers.

• Photo-polymerization
• Stereo lithography
• Ionography process
• Electrostatic process

A(n) ____________ is an organized way of achieving a goal.

• system

_Select the next process in SGC method:

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___ refers to the salaries of workers producing the product.

• Direct labor

CAD creates the blueprint for the product.

• True
• False

The process of bring together two materials using some type of adhesive or fastener.

• Forming
• Joining
• Casting
• Machining

Support structures are required for ______.

• overhanging portions
• thin portions
• Thick portions
• All of the above

An 8 step process or method that is used to solve technological challenges to change and improve products for the way we live.

• Industrial Revolution
• Manufacturing
• Engineering Design Process
• Assembly Line

Workers and machines make one part of the product and pass it on to another person who adds onto the creation.

• Assembly Line
• Batch Manufacturing
• Custom Manufacturing
• Continuous Manufacturing

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What is the purpose of using melting wax in SGC Rapid prototype process_________

• As support material
• As liquid resin
• As cavity filling material
• All the above

This account is used to summarize the cost of direct materials, direct labor and factory overhead incurred in producing the goods.

• Manufacturing costs
• Manufacturing overhead
• Cost of goods manufactured
• Cost of goods sold

Automatic factories are where ____________ do all the work.