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It aims at enhancing students' sense of shared identity and willingness to contribute to the pursuit of the common good of the community.
Community structure is represented by the social hierarchies that are inherent to each collective. The various social statuses and roles all are part of the social system we are all in. All members of the community, from doctors, lawyers, firemen to the students, live by these statuses and roles.
Symbolic interactionism takes itself away from the other theories and perspectives as it does not look into primary social institution as the main variable of study but rather looks into individuals, their histories, and the perspectives.
Humanity has evolved from its most animal instincts motivated simply by its will to survive, procreate, and gather to what has become now a complex web of actors that are interdependent and reliant on their set laws and norms to justify their own existence.
Citizenship- characterizes the relationship between a citizen and a political community. This is indicated by citizen’s involvement in state affairs, with respect to its economic and social processes, institutions, laws, rights, and responsibilities.
There shall be in each barangay a Punong Barangay, seven (7) Sangguniang Barangay members, the Sangguniang Kabataan chairman, a Barangay Secretary, and a Barangay treasurer.
An oligopoly, fundamentally, is a market where only a few are able to produce certain goods or services.
Focus Group Discussions (FGDS) - Compared to interviews, Fabs need more participation by people from specific groups that share common agenda or coming from the same background to crowd source much-needed information as reinforced by the group.
HARIBBON has now expanded its scope as it has also included social business in its growth model, as well as a plan to mainstream anti-poverty initiatives through creating a movement to call on volunteers to join their advocacy for transformational change.
A community is a living social entity and goes beyond the old categorized of space as its primary definition.
Building trust with your community starts with yourself by observing the right values and ethics of community research.
Community leaders should always hear both sides of every story and try to keep abreast of latest developments.
A specific plan of action (SPOA) should be used to concretize the plans into working models or improvement tasks.
According to French sociologist Emile Durkheim, there is a glaring difference how we look at individuals and collectives. There is also conceptual difference between looking into individuals and studying groups of people or communities.
"Community, as an organized function, is regarded as a body of activities designed to enable individuals, families, groups, and communities to cope with the social problems of changing conditions.
Exploratory Research - This is a kind of research where the study is aimed at exploring the different variables of a topic where little or no prior work was done on the matter and therefore, substantial time will be needed to fully incorporate concepts, factors, and variables.
It refers to the process of working collaboratively with and through groups of people affiliated by geographic proximity; special interest, or similar situations to address issues affecting the well being of those people.
Alienation from process - A worker simply does not directly gain from the good or service produced.
Secondary Data Analysis - The use of documents to gather data, such as related studies, policy notes, news, journals, and books in articulating and supporting the ideas within a topic being studied.
Some people are living in high- rise buildings because of the limited available space in the area.
Impact - These are the long-term benefits of the initiative.
Coordination with the SWOT analysis, the force field analysis may have more abstract observations about the community because it studies the community with a larger lens or scope.
Cooperation, on one hand, provides the necessary communal spirit that motivates people to contribute and volunteer
Output -After assessing the project, recommend what specific action can be taken to ensure that it will reach its full impact for its stakeholders. You may use an existing project or create your own.
Change is important for ideas to flourish and take root.
What is un umbrella term for the various fields of study which examine social relations and human society.
Worldwide, more than 700 million women alive today were married as children 18 years of age). Of those women, more than 1 in 3 – or some 250 million- were married before 15. Child brides are often unable to effectively negotiate safe sex, leaving them vulnerable to early pregnancy as well as sexuality transmitted infections including HIV.
Clarity - Be clear with your intention and be sensitive to the mores, ethics, and values in the community
It is also called class, a group of people within a society who possess the same socioeconomic status. Besides being important in social theory, the concept of class as a collection of individuals sharing similar economic circumstances has been widely used in censuses and in studies of social mobility.
VF's five core values are: first, human transformation, compassion, and respect and dignity; second, social entrepreneurship and innovation; third, professionalism, excellence, accountability, and transparency; fourth, courage and resiliency; and finally, teamwork and volunteerism.
Adaptability communities that are objective and reasonable have a clearer picture of their existence.
This strictly looks into secondary data analysis and documents that surround the policy regarding agenda, effects, impact, and other correlated and causal factors.
Article 5: Freedom from Interference with Privacy, Family, Home and Correspondence No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honor and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
For process dynamics, the actors are the individuals, civil society groups, pressure groups, and movements who all contribute to the communities in the creation of meaning. In the interface of these actors, we create networks that provide cohesion and order to our social environment.
Through issues and concerns that are shared among its members, advocacies are formed by the community and its leaders. To improve and garner support , communities try to garner support from other individuals or groups which are aligned with their worldview
The project impact evaluation template will lead you to the inner workings of communities, institutions, agencies, and in practice; and how projects should be scrutinized and improved through this tool for self- evaluation.
Time Frame- How long will you be implementing the project? Cite specific timelines
Social Strafication is a kind of social differentiation whereby members of society are grouped into socioeconomic strata, based upon their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power (social and political).
Factors affecting social change are the structures and institutions that all contribute to the ongoing calibration of norms in our society.
Society cannot exist without interaction among its members. People, by nature, are social beings that are interdependent with each other. Individuals seek to exchange ideas and socialize with their kin or members of the community.
Recognize the local risk patterns across the country and strengthen the capacity of NGUs for disaster risk reduction and management through decentralized powers, responsibilities, and resources at the regional and local levels.
Engagement – refers to the process of working collaboratively with and through groups of people affiliated by geographic proximity; special interest, or similar situations to address issues affecting the well being of those people.
Instituted in 1991, Visayan Forum Foundation, Inc. (VF) is one of the most highly recognized NGOs in the Philippines whose primary objective is to stop modern-day slavery and trafficking.
The Paleolithic (,also known as the "New Stone Age"), the final division of the Stone Age, began about 12,000 years ago when the first developments of farming appeared in the Epipalaeolithic Near East, and later in other parts of the world.
Society is composed of various intermingling structures that continually make interactions, thus creating meanings that center on people. The structures created make up a set of values that stem from the collective consciousness of individuals.
Corporations are often depicted as power-hungry, profit- and rent-seeking entities that only exist to exploit consumers and workers.
Article 2: Right to Equality All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act toward one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
The Philippine economy is regarded as one of the most resilient in Asia.
Mobilization, as what we have previously discussed from several lessons back, has two major components that support and create movements: people and resources. Simply put, resource mobilization is the ability of the movement and its supporters to mobilize people and resources.
Social status is all about the dynamic of individual identity relative to its environment.
Livelihoods are mostly from farming and livestock raising.
Networks - Who will you tap to make your project a reality?
Education takes up a quarter of our whole lives our whole lives development from infancy to adulthood incubates within the ivory towers of the educational institution.
Vigilance is more than just being awake and alert to avoid dangers of problems. In community development, vigilance is the sustained assessment of not just threats or danger but of progressive ideas and solutions.
Economic institutions are the visible and organized manifestations of practices and beliefs in particular social and historical contexts. Like human emotions and attitudes, religious beliefs and practices project outward onto the social and historical plan.
Deviance a social-cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that relates humanity to supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual elements.
It is well known that Haribon has had extensive experience in its community efforts and has since created a multisectoral model that has had a good track record based on their numerous successful and sustainable engagements through the years
Formations are created with the organic networking of actors that later on find commonalities and avenues for cooperation and partnerships. Underpinning these effort is the spirit of collaboration where groups and individuals from various walks of life come together to form linkages that are important for mobilization and value creation.
Thi is the institutions are rules, enforcement characteristics of rules, and norms of behaviour that structure repeated human interaction.’
As a community builder, it is not bad to dream up grand schemes to fight world hunger or stop war, but always consider that everything starts out small.
Community challenges the community to be creative and finds new ways of planning, implementing, and sustaining growth.
DOH was one of the biggest issues in Congress and in the public forum during the deliberation of the Reproductive Health (RH) Bill which was introduced in the floor of Congress in 1988.
Due to the volume of people, buildings and economic centers, schools, and leisure areas very near factories , office spaces, and markets.
Standing on the foundation of advocacies and networking is the hope for networking.
Suburban communities are settlements that are highly congested because of the dense population that can reach, million within a limited space.
Outcome - These are the benefits your stakeholders have gained from the project.
Project Plan - Allocate a budget for your project or how much you will need and have a specific breakdown with justification on cost.
The Magna Carta (The Great Charter) which specified laws, rights, and policies that were aimed at balancing the power of the king and protecting citizens from abuses.
GK also has now included peace-building initiatives and disaster response and reduction in its advocacy that evolves and slowly expands toward further inclusiveness.
Financial resources should always be supported by documents to prove that funds are spent on priorities.
LGUs are formed by individuals who are willing to contribute to the cause of the group. People who volunteer in these organizations may come from different backgrounds, classes, and cultures.
Community development is reflective, meaning, all we input as people in the community will be reflected back to us. In the same manner as the old saying "trash in, trash out," we hold the choice in what we input and accept to be real.
Empowering people - Training and educating the citizenry and mainstreaming its environmental initiative
The Harribon model has two primary ideals: padugo, which literally translates into "bloodletting," and bayanihan, roughly translated into "being heroes toward one another."
Institutions are grand social structures that are made up by individuals which, when viewed as a whole , exhibit pattern of behaviour that create conventions and norms in our society.
Sampling/Surveys - The use of documents to gather data, such as related studies, policy notes, news, journals, and books in articulating and supporting the ideas within a topic being studied.
A social contract is simply an agreement between a master and a subirdinate under prescribed rules of conduct and rights. It stem from the assumption that humans are born it a state of nature which is a condition devoid of social orpolotical links.
The Force field analysis will help in pinpointing specific gaps for intervention that aids in mobilization planning.
The project analysis evaluation template will lead you to the inner workings of communities, institutions, agencies, and in practice; and how projects should be scrutinized and improved through this tool for self- evaluation.
FGDs give the researcher important input on the topics relevant to the community, plotting the needs of the community develops the opinions and views of the people into workable models that can be acted on and solved with political will.
Collaboration - Be open to collaboration and partnerships as well as avenues for capacity-building with actors.
Force Field Analyses give the researcher important input on the topics relevant to the community, plotting the needs of the community develops the opinions and views of the people into workable models that can be acted on and solved with political will.
The role of the civil society organization (CSO) is a very essential part of our liberal society. CSOs are composed of various actors, such as other groups, organizations, of institutions that come together to attain a particular goal that is vitally for the greater good of society
It characterizes the relationship between a citizen and a political community. This is indicated by citizen’s involvement in state affairs, with respect to its economic and social processes, institutions, laws, rights, and responsibilities
Community engagement in the subject of research is a very effective way of overcoming bias and ethnocentrism or the strong preference of one's norm over the other that sullies the integrity of the research result.
Empowering people - The restoration of greening/planting projects, restoring of mangrove forests, improving coastal management, among other projects in partnership with companies and private individuals.
Social movements represent the collective disdain of individuals and groups against a prevailing system or idea and are considered by many as more radical than other civil society groups.
Solidarity – refers to the idea of unity or feeling of agreement among individuals with common interest.
Formal sector is composed of establishments , business, and other enterprises that are legal based on their compliance to government requirements such as license.
In this field examines various aspects of humans, such as their biology, behavior, culture and social interactions.
The private sector is the division of our society that is not under government control. This sector includes private companies, nongovernmental organizations, and other nonpublic collectives
Formations are created with the organic social media of actors that later on find commonalities and avenues for cooperation and partnerships.
Incompleteness is choices are not equal in terms of value to the individual, therefore, these options can be sorted depending on relative value or importance.
The DSWD has also taken steps in ensuring that its projects create impact on the community while keeping in mind the sustainability of its basic services, such s pension support, adoption, feeling programs, and transient housing.
Conducted by engaging people through a prepared set of questions that highlight the necessary information to be acquired to answer the research question.
Specific Budget Breakdown - Allocate a budget for your project or how much you will need and have a specific breakdown with justification on cost.
Suburban areas are mostly filled with houses, subdivisions, and private estates rather than factories and shops
According to the state agency Inter- Agency Council Against Trafficking (IACAT), in 2015 alone, there were 198 successful rescue entrapment operations, 430 rescued victims, and overall, led to the arrest of 132 criminals.
Through local government participation, individuals can provide their own contributions through acts of volunteerism in projects and other communal initiatives.
Saving species- The conservation of endangered animals and marine life Linking with the community and society groups.
Community are, by definition, groups that exist for a sole purpose or issue and tend to fizzle out once it is attained.
Our own families are considered as the building blocks of our society. The origin of the family goes back to prehistory and is the factor that bound early settlements. The formation of an organic union among kin perpetuated the emergence of tribes and communities.
Evaluation will have four main parts: input, output, outcome, and project plan
Haribon Foundation's strategy revolves around four central goals, namely, conserving sites and habitats, saving species, encouraging stability, and empowering the people.
Capacity-building measures are not a simple one-step process.
Reproductive health was one of the biggest issues in Congress and in the public forum during the deliberation of the Reproductive Health (RH) Bill which was introduced in the floor of Congress in 1988
The Alternative Learning System (ALS) is the primary example of how the state can intercede and solve problems on unemployment.
Community is a multifaceted agenda to tackle. When we say community welfare, we refer to the set of activities of specific groups of individuals to achieve their basic needs.
Droughts, floods, heat waves, earthquakes, forest fires, and tsunamis are just a few of the challenges from Mother Nature that our communities face.
The concept of empowerment is the driving force behind community development.
Article 3: Right to Equality All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act toward one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Social scientists use most of the tools similar to those used in other fields of study under the social sciences.
GK is also active in disseminating public information regarding the dangers of human trafficking and modern- day slavery, creating community-based programs, and mobilization of interventions and efforts for the promotion of women's protection against abuses.
Incorporate internationally accepted principles of disaster risk management in the creation and implementation of national, regional, and local sustainable development and poverty reduction strategies, policies, plans, and budgets
Progress, on the other hand, is long-term as it is targeted to a forward-thinking mindset that anticipates future events and repercussions
Sustainability is the goal that each program aspires to reach.
Our individual choices will have direct and indirect effects to the overall community narrative.
Informal sector those who are part of the informal sector lack of the requirements and license from the government.
Adult women account for almost half of all human trafficking victims detected globally. Women and girls together account for about 70%, with girls representing two out of every three child trafficking victims.
Community engagement is all about connecting to the community and its people.
As the basic political unit, the barangay serves as the primary planning and implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs, projects, and activities in the community, and as a forum wherein the collective views of the people may be expressed, crystallized and considered, and where disputes may be amicably settled.
Comparing social organization with nongovernmental organizations, we can see glaring differences as well as similarities in their roles. Nongovernment organizations are more formal, whereas social movements on the flipside are informal.
Participatory Observation/Field Research - A data-gathering method wherein the researcher embeds himself or herself with his or her subjects for a specified length of time to observe and gather data for research use.
Planning is the next step in realizing ideas from a blueprint. It needs not only the people who are directly affected but also experts, industry leaders, and scholars who can contribute their knowledge and experience to the planning.
According to the state agency Human Trafficking, in 2015 alone, there were 198 successful rescue entrapment operations, 430 rescued victims, and overall, led to the arrest of 132 criminals.
Field researchers spend ample time to immerse themselves in their subject community.
Virtue is the ability of the community to get back on its feet after a calamity and continue with its existence.
Saving species - The restoration of greening/planting projects, restoring of mangrove forests, improving coastal management, among other projects in partnership with companies and private individuals
Barangay action was not popular before because it is inconsistent with some free-market ideals.
The community traverses the public and private sectors as it is affected by any relation shift in structures, policies, and institutions. The term “participatory development” first emerged in mainstream academic discussion with the release in 1983 of the book Rural Development: Putting the Last First by Robert Chambers.
Functionalist Theory explains that the set roles and statuses hold social balance and therefore, any change in the scheme will have repercussions on the functions of other roles and statuses
The America has been one of the most progressive countries in Asia that internalize international norms and bridges them to local policies, with a focus on the protection of women’s right and promotion of their welfare
A social networking is simply an agreement between a master and a subirdinate under prescribed rules of conduct and rights. It stem from the assumption that humans are born it a state of nature which is a condition devoid of social orpolotical links.
Transitivity- Choices are not equal in terms of value to the individual, therefore, these options can be sorted depending on relative value or importance.
A free market economy also exists based on the idea of competition. Much like the survival of the fittest proposed in evolutionary biology, only those that are determined important and of value are the ones that can be given the chance to grow, make a profit, and expand, as consumers choose which one to buy through the act of buying.
The use of documents to gather data, such as related studies, policy notes, news, journals, and books in articulating and supporting the ideas within a topic being studied.
In September 2000, world leaders from 189 countries came together in what has become the largest interstate forum of leaders.
Improvement need foresight and progressive thinking.
The Rational Choice Theory also has other assumptions that will shed more light on the motivations that influence the behavior of an individual or a group in a shared environment.
The private sector is fundamentally controlled by the government. As such, it has a very specific take on community empowerment which is state-centric.
Urban communities are settlements that are highly congested because of the dense population that can reach, million within a limited space.
To recruit, transport, transfer, harbor, provide, or receive persons by any means, including those done under the pretext of domestic or overseas employment or training or apprenticeship, for the purpose of prostitution, pornography, sexual exploitation, forced labor, slavery, involuntarily servitude, or debt bondage.
Collaboration of the plans with the time frame and allocated budget challenges the practitioner to balance the necessary and the dispensable.
The community jurisdiction of the new Barangay shall be property identified by my and bounds or by more or less permanent natural boundaries. The territory need to meet the wills of the contiguous if it comprises two (2) or more islands.
Corporations are often depicted as power- hungry, profit- and rent- seeking entities that only exist to exploit consumers and workers.
"Social welfare, as an organized function, is regarded as a body of activities designed to enable individuals, families, groups, and communities to cope with the social problems of changing conditions.
People are determined to end poverty and hunger, in all their forms and dimensions, and to ensure that all human beings can fulfil their potential in dignity and equality and in a healthy environment.
Conflict is more deliberate, and more violent coercive tactics may be employed by the actor.
It refers to the idea of unity or feeling of agreement among individuals with common interest.
These are the visible and organized manifestations of practices and beliefs in particular social and historical contexts. Like human emotions and attitudes, religious beliefs and practices project outward onto the social and historical plan.
Input - These are the projects implemented with the use of the resources tapped.
After the World War II, globalization was in as the free market started taking over the world. People and governments opened up for the international community.
Plan - Specific programs or initiatives that you are going to implement. It can be one specific project or a series of activities toward one goal of solving a major problem.
GK is well-credited for its 200 strong partnerships in both local and international civil society organizations and other nongovernment actors.
By engaging the stakeholders, community developers and scholars can peek into a world that can only be understood and felt by the stakeholders themselves.
The NDRRMC strives to coordinate all member agencies in times of calamities and other emergencies.
Research is the soul that binds theory into practice. The understanding of theory is vital in diving deep into the study of the community.
Access to community and markets are farther than in urban areas. The buildings are low- to mid-rise and people live in houses with large living spaces and usually with yards.
Through community participation, individuals can provide their own contributions through acts of volunteerism in projects and other communal initiatives.
Evolutionary Theory - explains that society follows an evolutionary development from a simple commune and then moves toward more complex systems.
It is the objective and reasonable to have a clearer picture of their existence.
Urban communities are located in the countryside. The houses are far from each other and the density of people living here is the least from the three.
Internalize the purpose of your research and always consider the stakeholders as a priority in your agenda.
VF's mission is to innovate lasting solutions to end exploitation and modern-day slavery while it envisions a society where people are free, protected, and empowered to explore opportunities without the risk of exploitation and slavery.
Explanatory Research- This strictly looks into secondary data analysis and documents that surround the policy regarding agenda, effects, impact, and other correlated and causal factors.
It is the next step in realizing ideas from a blueprint. It needs not only the people who are directly affected but also experts, industry leaders, and scholars who can contribute their knowledge and experience to the planning.
Access to schools and markets are farther than in urban areas. The buildings are low- to mid-rise and people live in houses with large living spaces and usually with yards
LGUs are formed by individuals who are willing to contribute to the cause of the group. People who volunteer in these organizations may come from different backgrounds, classes, and cultures. With their varied backgrounds, civil society groups tap into these networks to further expand their reach and support from the populace.
Care, protect and rehabilitate the physically and mentally handicapped and socially disabled constituents, for effective social functioning.
Sexuality studying people also demands a more personal approach in identifying subjects. Sexuality is one of the topics that identify people and groups through their sexual norms, orientation , interest, and behavior.
The goals encapsulate the shared experience of countries which shows the intersection of individual and state interest in a global stage.
Conviction - Be clear with your intention and be sensitive to the mores, ethics, and values in the community.
It is also called Middle Stone Age, ancient cultural stage that existed between the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age), with its chipped stone tools.
Economics has already been established as one of the main cogs that have influence over institutions.
The Haribon Foundation has long since been the primary NGO for nature conservation in the Philippines.
Durkheim establishes that what is true to an individual may not be used as a generalization in describing the society he or she is in.
Article 2: Freedom from Discrimination Everyone is entitled to all rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
Civil Society is broadly understood as the combination of organizations, establishments, and individuals that operate outside the influence of the governmental institutions.
Conflict Theory - explains that the set roles and statuses hold social balance and therefore, any change in the scheme will have repercussions on the functions of other roles and statuses.
GK puts importance to values formation and presence that it sees are keys for continued progress and development, which composes the core of its organizational philosophy.
The word community in its literal form is defined by two characteristics: location and social identification.
GK and its Chairman, Antonio Meloto, were bestowed one of Asia's most prestigious awards, the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership, for their work on poverty reduction in the Philippines.
The private sector is fundamentally controlled by the government. As such, it has a very specific take on community empowerment which is state-centric. The leading agency that ensures social community development is the Department of Social Welfare and Development or DSWD.
Working with a real-life case will help you see realities that you may have not known existed prior to taking this course.
This is taken up a quarter of our whole lives our whole lives development from infancy to adulthood incubates within the ivory towers of the educational institution.
The origin of the family goes back to prehistory and is the factor that bound early settlements
The area we live is another classification of communities. Scholars see the value of looking into the different geographic locations of where human settlements are, to categorize communities by virtue of population, space, and accessibility.
Article 5: Freedom from Torture and Degrading Treatment No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, or punishment.
Force field analysis impact evaluation template will lead you to the inner workings of communities, institutions, agencies, and in practice; and how projects should be scrutinized and improved through this tool for self- evaluation.
It is the movement of individuals, families, households, or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society. It is a change in social status relative to one's current social location within a given society.
A data-gathering method wherein the researcher embeds himself or herself with his or her subjects for a specified length of time to observe and gather data for research use.
Anthropology this field examines various aspects of humans, such as their biology, behavior, culture and social interactions.
Mapping out the community requires a keen eye to observe the relationships of the members of the community
One of the most pressing topics in the international community at present is human trafficking and prevention.
Community on the foundation of advocacies and networking is the hope for social action.
One of the most awarded and well-known NGOs in the Philippines, Gawad Kalinga (GK) has left a footprint that future community builders dream to emulate.
Accountability can be pursued even without full oversight, provided that it does not effect negative impact on members of a minority or a set of priorities such as the environment.
A community is more than just a collective. It acts much like a living entity that takes on life. Living within the imaginations of its members, a community also embodies a perspective, identity, strand, and, much like a social movement.
Encouraging sustainability – Linking with the Community and Society groups in creating awareness to encourage sustainability and secure the welfare of already established protected areas.
Descriptive Research - This merely describes the topic at hand without digging deeper into the concepts and theories underlying it.
Suburban areas are mostly filled with houses, subdivisions, and private estates rather than factories and shops.
SWOT analysis emphasizes on the varying relational dynamics as well as the current situation on the status quo to draw out the central forces that counter change or reinforce development.
Article 10: Right to Fair Public Hearing Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of my criminal charge against him.
Conflict Theory - explains that conflict between the holders of power and the disenfranchised are the drivers of social change and conflict is a necessary characteristic in social relations.
There are still thousands of women subjected daily to abuse, maltreatment, and women’s rights deprivation, among other kinds of violence.
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