Special Education

All of the following are used to identify ADHD EXCEPT

• A medical exam.
• A clinician interviewing parents.
• Standardized assessment tests.
• Teacher and parent rating scales.

Check the correct terms of the three-term contingency.

People with high intelligence don't generally have ADHD.

• TRUE
• FALSE

Which is NOT an assistive effort by teachers and counselors for students with disabilities?

• Learning about students' specific disorders and how they can be managed.
• Ignoring the students documented accommodations and modifications.
• Focusing on students' strengths to provide opportunities for success.
• Coordinating with or participating in a student's IEP team.

Which of the following is NOT an example of an antecedent?

• sleeping in class
• transition
• difficult task
• unsupervised time

Asperger identified children who had

• Average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas.
• Above average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas.
• Below average intelligence but remarkable ability in a particular area.
• Below average intelligence and a tendency toward violent, psychotic behavior.

Many students who have been identified as ED need to have a FBA completed. What does it stand for?

• Free Behavioral Assignment
• Free Biology Assessment
• Functional Biology Assignment
• Functional Behavioral Assessment

Federal reports and legislation have assumed that the prevalance of giftedness in the school population is about

• 1 to 2%.
• 3 to 5%.
• 10 to 12%.
• 15 to 20%.

What does IEP stand for?

• Ironic Epic Process
• Individually Educationally Planned
• Individualized Education Plan
• Isabelle Elizabeth Preston

Why is it important to stay consistent with the verbiage in the instructions on a standardized (norm-referenced) assessment?

• consistent

A 30dB hearing loss is generally considered

• Mild.
• Moderate.
• Severe.
• Profound.

SWD students that take four or more CTE courses while in high school are _______ more like than others to obtain competitive employment.

• 10x
• 4x
• 5x
• 7x

The majority of people who are blind

• Use braille.
• Are dependent and helpless.
• Have some vision.
• Depend on guide dogs to take them where they want to go.

Which of the following groups of students is most likely to go undetected as special needs?

• Females
• Males
• Students of color
• Wealthy students

Which of the following may submit a written referral for assessment?

Sternberg describes gi-fted and talented students as

• Having wisdom.
• Exhibiting strengths in at least five of Gardner’s intelligences.
• Scoring in the top 2 percent on standardized tests.
• Displaying exceptionally high ability, creativity, and persistence.

What services are mandated by federal law for students who are gifted?

• Students who are gifted are protected by IDEA and so have the same rights to receive an appropriate education.
• Similar services are mandated as are required by IDEA although the student generally does not need to have an IEP.
• Schools must provide programs but they do not need to be individualized.
• None; services are not required by federal law.

10. The foundation of one's emotional intelligence is

• Self awareness
• Managing one’s emotions
• In motivating oneself
• Handling relationships

A charter school may request a pupil's records or require a parent, guardian, or student to submit the student's records to the charter before enrollment.

• False
• True

The IQ score that ranges from 50 to 75 comes under which level ...

• Mild IQ
• Moderate IQ
• Severe IQ
• Profound IQ

Factors which predispose an individual to ADHD

• Bad parenting style
• Exposure to lead during pregnancy
• Having a friend with ADHD
• Sleeplessness

What does ARD stand for

• Annual meeting to Review and Deliberate
• Another round of discussions
• Annual Review Dismiss
• Annual rotation of deparments

Behavior is observable and ...

• reinforcement
• measurable
• internal mental processes
• emotional

The trend today in placement of children with ED/BD is away from special facilities and toward

• Educational, hospital settings.
• Homebound, individualized care.
• Inclusion in regular public schools.
• Specialized treatment in private settings.

Simon has a hearing loss that occurred when he was seven years old. His loss is best described as

• Conductive.
• Sensorineural.
• Congenital.
• Postlingual.

A student shall be referred for special educational instruction and services only after the resources of the regular education program have been considered and, where appropriate, utilized.

• True
• False

What does FIE stand for?

• Fully invested in Earthiness
• Full Individual Evaluation
• Free Individual Evaluation
• Frank Ivan Edwards

What is a ceiling in an assessment?

• highest

Each of the following is a diagnostic criterion for ADHD EXCEPT

• Six or more symptoms persisting for at least six months to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with developmental level
• Some impairment from symptoms in at least two settings.
• Some symptoms causing impairment were present before three years of age.
• Clear evidence of significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.

Most scientists argue that the dramatic increase in prevalence statistics for autism is due to each of the following EXCEPT

• A widening of the criteria used for diagnosis.
• A greater awareness of autism in general.
• Widespread use of vaccinations for babies.
• "diagnostic subsitution" (diagnosing with autism rather than intellectual disability).

Which is a characteristic of autism spectrum disorder?

• Large group of friends
• Good social skills
• Limited social interaction
• Unable to remember information of interest

Reading words and phrases repeatedly (i.e., flash cards) in an attempt to increase the speed of reading, is a strategy for what deficit area.

• math computation
• phonemic awareness
• problem solving
• reading fluency

What is the raw score on an evaluation summary report?

• The score used when calculating the grade level equivalent
• The first test score calculated indicating the number correct
• The end score on the scoring report given to parents

Which of the following is a type of self-management?

• Self-monitoring
• Self-evaluation
• Self-reinforcement
• All of the above

ADHD is present only in children

• TRUE
• FALSE

What is OHI?

• obviously hopeful improvements
• Often harmful ideas
• Other Health Impairment
• Other historical improvements

The acronym PLAAF stands for Present _______ of Academic Achievement

• Levels

Special-education law states that an individualized education program (IEP) must

• Be prepared with the child’s parents present.
• Closely follow the format specified in the regulations.
• Include long-term goals and short-term objectives.
• be developed for gifted students.

Having a spectacular aptitude or capacity in any area or extremely rare intellectual powers refers to

• Talent.
• Genius.
• Insight.
• Creativity.

The IQ score that ranges from 20 to 40 comes under which level ...

• Mild IQ
• Moderate IQ
• Severe IQ
• Profound IQ

LRE is the term we use to assess each student carefully to determine the appropriate placement for services. This is an acronym for what?

• Limited Restrictive Education
• Least Restrictive Environment
• Little Restrictive Education
• Limited Education Restriction

From an educational point of view, how is "deafness" best defined?

• A condition present from birth
• An inability to understand speech even with a hearing aid
• A hearing loss of more than 90dB in at least one ear
• A condition of old age

What is a basal in an assessment?

• lowest

A condition that is incurable is

• Progressive.
• Episodic.
• Chronic.
• Acute.

According to the most common elements of state definitions, giftedness is evidenced by all of the following EXCEPT

• Superior intellectual ability.
• Extraordinary capacity for leadership.
• Exceptional creativity for music.
• Superior athletic ability.

All of the following procedures should be followed if a student has a seizure in school EXCEPT

• Turning child's face to the side.
• Inserting an object between the teeth.
• Loosening clothing.
• Allowing child to sleep or rest after the movements stop.

Today, about one in every ___________ students is special needs.

• 3
• 5
• 8
• Recent studies suggest that almost half of all students have significant learning disabilities

Which of the following is a feature of IEP?

• Targets preschoolers and studentswith disabilities(ages 3 to 21)
• Led by the state education agency
• Takes place in schools
• All of the above

Which one of the following features is common to most definitions of ED/BD?

• Behavior that is sometimes normal and sometimes deviant
• Psychological processing problem
• Sudden onset of an extreme behavior problem
• Socially unacceptable behavior

Name one ELL support that a peer suggested.

Dysgraphia

• Difficulty in ability to understand number-based information and math
• Difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words
• Difficulty in writing disabilities

Someone is in need of a BIP, but what is it?

• Behavioral Individualized Plan
• Basic Instruction Plan
• Benchmarks for Individualized Plan
• Behavioral Intervention Plan

Those who acquire a severe visual impairment after age 2 are________.

• Legally blind
• Adventitiously blind
• Congenital blind
• None of the Above

Which of the following is not an example of internalizing behavior?

• Anorexia
• Depression
• Hyperactivity
• Anxiety

Along with hyperactivity/impulsivity,---------------is another characteristic feature of combined ADHD

• inattention

The National Mathematics Advisory Panel recommends that math instruction during intervention be explicit and systematic. Select the strategies that accomplish explicit and systematic instruction.

The provision of IDEA that guarantees special education and related services to children with disabilities at public cost.

• FAPE
• Title IV
• CEI
• Disproportionality

Which of the following is not a category of disability?

• Orthopedic impairment
• Traumatic brain injury
• Digestive disorder
• Emotional disturbance

Dyscalcia refers to

• Difficulty in understanding basic arithmetic concepts.

Which one is an impairment affected by Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?

• Cognition
• Memory
• Psychosocial behavior
• All of the above

A student just received another suspension. We need to hold a MDR. What is a MDR?

• Multiple Deans Review
• Mandatory Discipline Review
• Multidisciplinary Disability Rating
• Manifestation Determination Review

Kinesthetic learners learn best by

• A. hearing information spoken aloud.
• B. whole body movement and participation.
• C. focusing attention on one narrow topic.
• D. a slower-paced approach.

Which principle of special education implies that children have the right to an education involving the accurate diagnosis of individual needs?

• Zero reject
• IEP
• Nondiscriminatory education
• Procedural due process

Special education teachers should be evaluated using the same standards as that of general education teachers, why or why not?

All are under the category of very low incidence disabilities EXCEPT:

• Cerebral Palsy
• Multiple-severe disabilities
• Deaf-blindness
• Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Howard Gardner's "Theory of Multiple Intelligences" refers to

• At least six areas of intelligence in addition to mathematics and verbal intelligence
• The interactive effects of intellectual and emotional intelligences
• The persistent gap between theory and research that defies even the most gifted researcher
• The five basic bits of intelligence requisite for successful school performance

What is one way to combat disproportionality in schools.

Which is one of the major causes of hearing loss?

• Otitis media
• Noise
• Meningitis
• All of the above

The most frequently prescribed types of medication for students with ADHD are

• Depressants.
• Mood enhancers.
• Psychotropics.
• Psychostimulants.

IDEA is an acronym for...

• Individuals with Disability Act

The Federal Equal Access Act

• Ensures separate locker rooms for GLBT students.
• Allows Gay-Straight Alliance clubs to meet on school grounds.
• Gives teachers the right to use the word “homosexual” in the classroom.
• Allows GLBT students to sue their schools if they are discriminated against.

How might you characterize the changing understanding of intelligence?

• A. Technological advances and computer programs are allowing a more precise measure of intelligence.
• B. “IQ,” the standard measure of intelligence, has been obscured by “EQ,” which is being used by schools as a replacement for the IQ test.
• C. We are broadening our understanding of intelligence beyond traditional language and mathematical-logical factors.
• D. The concept of intelligence really hasn’t changed since the late nineteenth century.

An individual with exceptional needs who graduates from high school with a regular high school diploma remains eligible for special education and related services.

• False
• True

IQ refers to.............

• Intelligence quotient

IEP ---------------

• individual education plan

The Lab School of Washington builds its curriculum around _____________

• Math and science
• Social studies
• The arts
• Learning foreign languages

Disproportionality means...

Identify the learning disorder

• Dysgraphia

Which of the following is not a characteristic of speech or language impairment?

• Poor voice quality, such as distracting pitch
• Coughing
• Inadequate vocabulary
• Difficulty conveying messages

If your district does not have a policy on the reporting of grades for students receiving special education, what might be the policy?

• If there is no policy that specifically addresses students with special needs, then the policies that are in place for all students must be followed.

Which of the following does not promote or enhance preschoolers' language skills?

• Arranging classrooms with interesting materials and providing high- interest activities
• Making children make choices and requesting their preferred activity or the materials they want
• Developing situations in which children are likely to need help and must communicate their needs to each other or an adult
• None of the above

At what age is an Individual Transition Plan (ITP) developed?

• 14-16
• 15-17
• 16-17

The regulation that states that each public school system is responsible to find children with disabilities in its area is called?

• Child Find

As a disability in children, blindness is

• One of the most prevalent disabilities.
• About average in prevalence compared to other sensory disabilities.
• The least prevalent disability.
• Increasing rapidly in prevalence.

Which of the following is not a skill of reading?

• Progress monitoring
• Letter fluency
• Phonics
• Phonological awareness

Assembly Bill 2785 required the State to develop a practitioner's guide for these students with disabilities?

• African-American
• Foster Youth
• English Learners
• Homeless students

Learning styles can best be characterized as

• unique to the individual.
• remarkably similar across cultural groups.
• Unimportant compared to teaching style.
• Based on the time it takes to learn.

What should a teacher do when a student is having a seizure?

• Give the student a glass of water
• Protect the student’s head from injury
• Carry the student over his/her shoulder
• Put a blanket on the student

Part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that protects people from discrimination based on race, color or national origin in programs or activities that receive Federal financial assistance is called.

• FAPE
• IEP
• Title VI
• CEI

SLD and LD are two ways to say the same thing..what is that?

A person with predominantly ---------- ADHD type may have difficulty staying on task, sustaining focus, and staying organized and impulsivity is less

• inattentive

Which of the following is not a characteristic of ADHD?

• Inattention
• Hyperactivity
• Inpulsivity
• Speech delay

Which of the following is not a physical impairment?

• Cystic fibrosis
• Cerebral palsy
• Muscular dystrophy
• Juvenile arthritis

A developmental disorder of variable severity that is characterized by difficulty in social interaction and communication and by restricted or repetitive patterns of thought and behaviour is called .................

• Autism

Which statement about the definition of autism is true?

• It is often characterized by restricted, repetitive, stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities.
• It is a nonpervasive disorder with onset before two years of age.
• It implies a quantitatively measurable impairment of social interaction and physical development.
• Related disorders must be identified at the same time a diagnosis of autism is made.

All students diagnosed with a disability do not quality to receive special education services.

• True
• False

The role of a SPED teacher is to provide SDI, what does this mean?

• Special Direct Intervention
• Specially Designed Instruction
• Specific Direct Intervention
• Specific Designed Inclusion

Which one is a characteristic of multiple-severe disabilities?

• Limited speech or communication
• Difficulty in basic physical mobility
• Tendency to forget skills through disuse
• All of the above

The largest population of exceptional learners are the

• Learning disabled.
• Gifted and talented.
• Physically disabled.
• Mentally retarded.

A condition that is much like autism but usually without significant delays in cognition and language is

• Asperger syndrome.
• Rett syndrome.
• Childhood disintegrative disorder.
• Pervasive developmental disorder.

What is an IPI?

• Intensive Plan of Instruction
• Intervasive plants inclined
• International Peace Institute
• Internal Placement of Individual

What does SI stand for?

• Speech Impairment
• Speech Intelligibility
• Speaking Intermittently
• Savory Ice pops

Which of the following is not a component of education for diverse students with disabilities?

• Multicultural education
• English as a Second Language(ESL)
• Reciprocal teaching
• Self-determination

IAP -----------

• Individual accomodation plan

Which type of test is a diagnostic assessment?

• DIBELS
• Woodcock-Johnson
• Classroom assessment
• Reading fluency assessment

ADHD can be caused by:

• Genetics
• Environmental factors
• Problems during developmental phase
• All of the above

When would a rating scale-based assessment be most useful in an evaluation?

• Rating a student's social emotional behavior at home
• Measuring a student's ability to complete math facts
• To measure the weight of the student

"Locus of control" refers to

• A. student need for teacher organization.
• B. a child’s boundaries as determined by parents.
• C. factors to which a student attributes success or failure.
• D. physical boundaries set up by the teacher in the class.

A student who says, "I failed the test because the fire alarm went off in the middle of the test" appears to exhibit

• A. an external locus of control.
• B. an internal locus of control.
• C. an auditory learning style.
• D. community safety sensitivity and interpersonal intelligence.

Behavior is learned, serves a __________, and is related to the context in which it occurs.

• purpose

Knowledge of one's feelings, needs, strengths, and weaknesses relates to which of Gardner's bits of intelligence?

• A. interpersonal
• B. naturalist
• C. bodily-kinesthetic
• D. intrapersonal

To be ID is to have what?

• Intectually devious
• Inverted Decency
• Ideas for days
• Intellectial Disability

What does OT stand for?

• Occupational Exposure
• Oliver Tilley
• Occupational Therapy
• Objectionable Tortoise

Which of the following is a major component of the mental retardation defined by AAMR?

• Intellectual functioning
• Adaptive behavior
• Systems of supports
• All of the above

"Procedural due process" refers to

• The rights of bilingual students to select their language of instruction in an orderly and legal way.
• The steps taken to mainstream exceptional learners into regular classrooms.
• The rights of children with disabilities to be assessed, placed and taught in highly structured classes.
• The rights of children with disabilities and their parents to have access to and input on school decisions.

_____________ requires caring out a sequence of steps on paper or in your mind (working memory) to arrive at an answer.

• math computation

The case against segregating children with disabilities was made in part because of the findings of

• The Brown v. Board of Education decision.
• The Lau v. Nichols decision.
• The Equal Educational Opportunities Act.
• The Bilingual Education Act.

What is a protocol?

• A book used to store student responses to an assessment
• A special document that is used to get permission from parents
• An assessment explanation for parents prior to giving an evaluation

How would a pregnant woman prevent mental retardation of her unborn child?

• Obtain early prenatal medical care
• Obtain good nutrition
• Seek genetic counseling
• All of the above

Define ADP.........

• Auditory Processing Disorder

The learners having very poor handwriting that they are not able to improve refers to the term.......

• Dysgraphia

The federal law that provides federal funding for special education and regulates special education procedures is....

• IEP
• Title VI
• Section 504
• IDEA

ESY is......

• Extended Services Yearly
• Extended School Year
• Every Student Yearns

How many qualifing factors are there for Special Education in the state of Texas?

• 13

Which of the following is TRUE of students receiving special education?

• Whites are more likely than African-Americans to be labeled mentally retarded.
• Few special-education students are likely to be Hispanic because special-education services are not available in Spanish.
• Boys are more likely to receive special-educational services than are girls.
• Gifted learners receive far more than their share of instructional resources because they often benefit the most from their status as special-education students.

"Least-restrictive environment" refers to

• Placing students with disabilities into open, accessible classrooms to better accommodate their needs and equipment.
• Allowing students with disabilities to be educated by their parents at home so they do not have to encounter transportation barriers.
• Integrating students with disabilities into classrooms with non-disabled students whenever possible.
• Providing students with disabilities with specially trained teachers, assistive technologies, and access to other appropriate resources.

The students having trouble learning sound-symbol correspondence, sounding out words, and spelling refers to .................

• Dyslexia

Even though he has visual acuity of 20/20, Jeff is considered legally blind. This is possible if he has severely restricted

• Angular vision.
• Peripheral vision.
• partial vision.
• Low vision.

The primary distinguishing characteristic of children with a physical disability are

• Intellectual and health problems.
• Intellectual and medical problems.
• Medical or health problems.
• Medical or cognitive problems.

How likely will you put the strategies in place in the next coming weeks?

In general, people who are blind

• Have superior musical ability.
• Have an extra sense that enables them to detect obstacles.
• Make better use of acuity in their other senses.
• Automatically develop superior powers of concentration.

The intelligence of children with cerebral palsy is

• Almost always in the range of mental retardation.
• Clearly higher than the average for the general population.
• Nearly the same as for the general population.
• Difficult to assess due to difficulties in perception, movement, or response speed.

All are conditions of ASD except

• ADHD
• Autism
• CCD
• Rett syndrome

Fluency interventions/strategies do not include...

• reading words and phrases repeatedly
• repeated oral reading with feedback
• guided and timed oral reading with feedback
• blending and segmenting syllables

The law regarding special education services that each state must follow is IDEA. What does this stand for?

• Individuals with Disabilities Act
• Individuals Dealing with Education Assignments
• Individuals with Disorders Act
• Individuals with Disorders Education

Which of the following is not a step to the IEP process?

• Discussion
• Evaluation
• Identification
• Pre-Referral

Research shows that the gifted

• Are self-motivated and rarely need special programs.
• Suffer from feelings of isolation.
• Do not benefit from acceleration.
• Do not benefit from enrichment.

Define ADHD ........

• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Two broad dimensions of behavior disorders are

• Externalizing and internalizing.
• Withdrawal and disinterest.
• Exterior and interior.
• Hostility and aggression.

Elise has a hearing loss that occurred during childhood. Her loss is best described as

• Congenital.
• Sensorineural.
• Adventitious.
• Conductive.

Special ability, aptitude, or accomplishment ordinarily refers to

• Talent.
• Creativity.
• Genius.
• Insight.

Every child is entitle to FAPE, but what is it?

• Fair And Public Education
• Forum on Academic Peer Education
• Free Appropriate Public Education
• Focus on Appropriate Pupil Education

Name one intervention that a peer suggested

A person with a severe level of intellectual disability cannot complete basic tasks on their own

• True
• False

A vision impairment......

• Can be present at birth
• Can occur at anytime
• Can be part of a medical condition or syndrome
• All of the above

Similar to HIPPA, FERPA protects individuals information in school. FERPA is......

• family educational rights & privacy act
• full educational readiness privacy act
• full educational rights & privacy act

Proponents of the regular education initiative believe that

• Schools should emphasize the needs of regular or typical students before making provisions for special-education students.
• special-needs students should be provided with the necessary services within the regular classroom.
• Instructional methods should not be altered to address the nation’s changing demographics.
• Cooperative learning and other new techniques should be implemented in all classrooms.

Learning styles are affected by the _________ abilities of the students.

• A. cognitive
• B. affective
• C. physiological
• D. all of the answers

Which of the following describes the word "diverse"?

• Being from one of the following groups: African American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native
• Speak another language at home other than English
• Being from a culture different from “mainstream America”
• All of the above

The legal definition of blindness involves assessment of

• Color perception and visual acuity.
• Field of vision and depth perception.
• Visual acuity and field of vision.
• Depth perception and color perception.

All but which of the following have been given as reasons for single-sex schools?

• Girls’ science and math genes are developed in single-sex schools
• Separating boys and girls helps them focus on academics better
• The importance placed on the reputation of prestigious single sex schools
• Boys’ and girls’ brains are hard-wired differently

Which of the following is not a cause of emotional or behavioral disorder?

• Radiation
• Biology
• Home and Community
• School

Which of the following is a symptom of hyperactivity?

• Excessive sleepiness
• watching a lot of TV
• Excessive or very loud talking
• All of the above

Impairments that a child is born with are referred to as

• Primary characteristics.
• Congential anomalies.
• Secondary problems.
• Acquired disabilities.

Which area is affected by deaf/blindness?

• Cognitive
• Communication
• Physical
• All of the above

Students with ADHD receive special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education ACT (IDEA) in which category?

According to the federal government, what percentage of the school-age population is identified for special education services under the category of "emotional disturbance"?

• Less than 1%
• About 2%
• 3-5%
• 6-10%

Each of the following is a subdivision of ADHD according to the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual EXCEPT

• Predominantly hyperactive-inattentive type.
• Predominantly inattentive type.
• Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type.
• Combined type.

If a charter school is solely responsible for implementing all special education requirements and complying with all laws and regulations pertaining to students with disabilities, it is ...?

• A charter that operates as a local LEA
• A charter school that is a school of an LEA

The persons with difficulty in physical functioning, mobility or stamina called as ..............

• Differently-Abled

Which of the following is not a law pertaining to individuals with disabilities?

• ADA
• ARRA
• IDEA
• NCLB

According to the U.S Department of Education, what percentage of students are identified as deaf or hard of hearing?

• 13%
• 0.13%
• 1.3%
• 0.013%

Which circumstances and life events lower the risk of ED/BD and help children achieve success at school?

• Obeying authorities
• Regular school attendance
• Basic needs provided for
• All of the above

The intent of the ed. code is for a local educational agency (LEA) to provide appropriate training each year for classroom teachers serving students with IEPs.

• True
• False

The majority of students served under IDEA have_______________

• speech or language impairments
• Mental retardation
• Multiple disabilities
• Specific learning disabilities

Which of the following is not an assistive listening device?

• Audio loop
• Text telephone
• Digital alarm clock
• Real-time translations

What is the range for an "average" standard score on an assessment?

• 70-130
• 85-115
• 90-100

Kanner's research with a group of children he called "autistic" indicated that these children could be set apart from children with schizophrenia in each of the following ways EXCEPT

• Children with schizophrenia withdrew from the world at some point, while children with autism had no social connections to begin with.
• Children with autism exhibited unique language patterns, such as echolalia.
• Children with schizophrenia exhibited bizarre, repetitive physical movements.
• Children with schizophrenia tended to deteriorate in their functioning over time, while children with autism did not.

Which of the following is a type of learning disability?

• Reading/learning disability
• Mathematics/learning disability
• Resistant to treatment
• All of the above