Introduction to Human Computer

Sustainable HCI ...

• Phishing and trust. Deceive people into parting with personal details
• Attributing human-like qualities to inanimate objects
• Tries to persuade people to change their everyday habits with respect to environmental concerns

How generalizable are outcomes?

• Scope

It is the design of the interaction between users and products.

• system design
• intervention design
• design protocols
• design interactions

When is an interface annoying?

• Crashes, doesn't do what user wants, expectations not met, vague error messages, appearance of interface is gimmicky
• Measures user's emotions by analyzing images captured by the webcam while they interact with the computer
• Tries to persuade people to change their everyday habits with respect to environmental concerns

There are three broad categories of user. This category of users know well how to perform the tasks they need to perform frequently.

• none of the choices
• expert users
• all of the choices
• novice users
• occasional users

To test dependent variable(s), the experimenter checks independent variable(s).

• True
• False

Keeping abreast of what others do and letting others know what you do are irrelevant aspects of collaborative work and socialization

• True
• False

It requires more effort and resources to incorporate user feedback during high-fidelity prototyping

• True
• False

Minimize the memory load of the user, by having visible objects, behaviors and choices. The user should not need to remember data from one part of the dialog to another. Instructions for using the program should be accessible or easily retrievable where appropriate.

• Match between system and the real world
• Recognition rather than recall
• Visibility of system status
• Error prevention

It's about sending back details about what action was taken and what was done, enabling the individual to continue the operation.

• Visibility
• Mappings
• Feedback
• Consistency

What is reflective design?

• Tries to persuade people to change their everyday habits with respect to environmental concerns
• Taking into account the meaning and personal value of a product in a particular culture
• Skin conductance, heart activity, breathing, pupil dilation

The field of HCI __________

• Contains no applied knowledge
• attempts to understand and shape the way how people communicate with computers
• Focuses on psychologically based analysis of human actions
• Is Software Engineering Brunch

Accelerators — unknown by the novice user — can often speed up the professional user interaction so the device can work for both new and seasoned users. Allow users to tailor frequent actions.

• Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors
• Recognition rather than recall
• Consistency and standards
• Flexibility and efficiency of use

Sense Cam is a wearable tool that takes photographs intermittently when worn without any user interference

• True
• False

Dialogs should not contain irrelevant or rarely needed information. Each extra information unit in a dialog competes with the related information units and diminishes their relative visibility.

• Help and documentation
• Match between system and the real world
• Aesthetics and minimalist design
• Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors.

The program will speak the language of the users, with user-familiar expressions, phrases, and concepts rather than system-oriented terminology.

• Aesthetics and minimalist design
• Match between system and the real world
• Help and documentation
• Visibility of system status

The use and creation of computational models of design processes and digital media is described as assisting and/or automating various aspects of the design process.

• design development
• design algorithm
• design computing
• design process

Perception allows us to focus on information that is relevant to what we are doing and it involves an audio and/or visual senses.

• True
• False

This is what you want to achieve in interaction.

• task
• option
• domain
• goal

This is the nature of the interaction between the user / device.

• context
• interaction models
• ergonomics
• interaction styles

__ profits due to more competitive products/services

• Greater

It has a way to express instructions directly to the computer using accessible keys, characters or a combination.

• Command Line Interface
• Manual Interface
• Graphical User Interface
• Cyber Interface

Usability testing is carried out in regulated labs or temporary laboratories.

• True
• False

What are the elements of the Gulf of Execution?

• Application processing, system information analysis and the evaluation of the value of information
• Elements of information retrieval include finding out what the program does
• Elements of information processing to figure out how to communicate with the program
• Forming thoughts, defining appropriate behavior, choosing suitable interface mechanism

HCI is about understanding and creating software and other technology that people will want to use, will be able to use, and will find effective when used.

• True
• False

The program will also keep users updated in a reasonable time about what's happening through correct feedback.

• Visibility of system status
• Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors
• Error prevention
• Consistency and standards

All answers below are benefits of interface design from design rationale, except

• presents arguments for design trade-offs
• communication throughout life cycle
• organizes potentially large design space
• not accurately or completely capture the rationale

Some of the same methods of collecting data are used in evaluation as to set criteria and define the needs of the users.

• True
• False

Which of the following is the principles of HCI?

• Logical Data
• Tasks
• Referencing
• Movement

Usability research is based on indicators of success, e.g. How long and how many errors are made while performing a series of predefined tasks. Indirect observation (video and keystroke logging), questionnaires regarding user satisfaction, and interviews are also collected.

• True
• False

The benefits of more usable software system to business users include:

• decreased user errors
• increased productivity
• increased need for ongoing technical support
• decreased user training time and cost
• decreased accuracy of data input and data interpretation

Several systems and technologies were developed to support telepresence and co-presence

• True
• False

All answers below is benefits of interface design from design rationale, except

• organizes potentially large design space
• presents arguments for design trade-offs
• communication throughout life cycle
• not accurately or completely capture the rationale

It is easier to incorporate user feedback during low-fidelity prototyping compared to high-fidelity prototyping

• True
• False

________________ among users and computers happens at the user interface which includes both software and hardware.

• Interface
• Development
• Interaction
• Design

What is deceptive technology?

• phishing and trust. Deceive people into parting with personal details
• to predict user's emotions and aspects of their behavior
• Measures the user 's emotions by examining camera images when communicating with the device

Predictive models, offer a way to test goods or prototypes without affecting the users directly.

• True
• False

Usually a high authority approves the design of the informed consent form, the assessment procedure, data processing and data storage methods

• True
• False

It's a separate intervention intended to change the structure but you can't predict how things will work out exactly.

• intervention design
• design interactions
• design protocols
• system design

When humans communicate with _____________, they bring to the encounter a lifetime of

• machine
• computer
• experience
• interface

Speech-recognition systems allow users to communicate using spoken commands

• True
• False

Emotional technology aims to

• Predict user's feelings and behavioral aspects
• Attributing human-like qualities to inanimate objects
• Welcoming persona, has a personality and makes the user feel involved with them

Fidelity can be in terms of one or some or all of the following areas:

• Interactivity
• Visuals
• Efficiency
• Content and Commands:

HCI is about understanding and developing software and other technology that will allow people to use, be able to use, and be successful when used.

• True
• False

It is a term which supports the objects in an easy way to use.

• Usefull
• Usable
• Reachable
• Accesibility

Human and computer interaction focuses on human-machine interface _____________

• Study
• Design
• Logic
• Observation

What is emotional interaction?

• It's about how we feel and respond when we communicate with technologies
• All about use and is in line with conventional usability standards
• Consideration of the significance and personal interest of a commodity in a given culture

HCI encompasses three major parts within the framework, ____________, _______________ and _________________.

• user, computer, interface
• human, computer, interaction
• user, machine, interaction
• human, machine, interface

Fitts' Law can’t be used to predict professional, error-free results with restricted key presses for clearly defined tasks

• True
• False

This is the interaction of the physical characteristics.

• interaction styles
• interaction models
• ergonomics
• context

It is a confirmation box, in which individual and isolated regions can be selected to activate an action inside a display.

• icon
• menu
• button
• task

Field studies involving the implementation in natural settings of prototypes or innovations can also be referred to as 'in the wild.'

• True
• False

Experiments test a hypothesis by changing some variables while preserving constancy of others.

• True
• False

Natural setting involving people, e.g. usability testing & laboratory and living lab tests.

• True
• False

The prototyping phase follows after which of the following steps?

• Understanding users needs
• Building the application
• Evaluation
• None of the given

Which of the following is NOT an Ergonomic example?

• use of colour
• arrangement of controls and displays
• spiritual beliefs
• surrounding environment

What is virtual agents?

• tries to persuade people to change their everyday habits with respect to environmental concerns
• phishing and trust. Deceive people into parting with personal details
• welcoming persona, has a personality and makes the user feel involved with them

Are there prejudices that distort outcomes?

• Biases

A search engine depends on _______to find information on the web.

• grocery stores
• humans
• resturants
• computers

Low-fidelity prototyping requires more precision than high-fidelity prototyping because that is when the major structure of the application is being designed

• True
• False

For user testing on your low fidelity prototypes, you will:

• Give them an in depth explanation of the product so that they know everything before looking at your design
• All of the given
• Give a brief overview of your ideas and then let them explore/figure out your design
• Antagonize the user if they are unable to figure out your design

Those are the small pictures or photographs depicted as device objects.

• fonts
• windows
• menus
• icons

Visibility is what operations and manipulation can be performed on a given entity

• True
• False

A Prototyping session

• Is used to test the user interface
• tests the potential solution
• The prototype is the final product of this
• will build and test different prototypes

__ follow-on business due to satisfied customers

• More

User-free settings are intended to predict, analyze & model aspects of device analytics.

• True
• False

What is behavioral design?

• Taking into account the importance and personal interest of a commodity in a given culture
• Predicting the feelings and behavioral elements of users
• Is about use and equates with the traditional values of usability

Which one could NOT be found in a good HCI?

• A long command line to achieve a function
• Specific meanings of icons
• Common short cuts for undo, like CTRL+Z
• Sounds that convey meanings

Field studies are evaluation studies that are carried out in natural settings to discover how people interact with technology in the real world.

• True
• False

Users often mistakenly choose system functions and need a clearly marked "emergency exit" to leave the undesirable state without having to go through an extended dialog. Support undo and redo.

• User control and freedom
• Consistency and standards
• Match between system and the real world
• Help and documentation

In order to define its aims and purposes, it is the method of researching a practice or enterprise and creating structures and processes.

• system analysis
• system data
• system project
• system structure

Error messages should be expressed in plain language (no codes), the problem should be specified precisely and a solution suggested constructively.

• Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors
• Visibility of system status
• User control and freedom
• Error prevention

One of HCI's goals is to create specific capabilities and constraints for the software and/or hardware and platform chosen for the product

• True
• False

Basic activities in Interactive design EXCEPT

• Evaluating designs
• Testing the prototype
• Identifying needs and establishing requirements
• Building interactive versions of the designs

These are the screen areas which function as if they were separate, such as text or graphics.

• windows
• menus
• fonts
• icons

Which of the following is design's golden rule?

• understand your materials
• make more programs
• make your design simple
• share your files

You want to test the intuitiveness of the functionality of the application. For this task, you will use:

• Low fidelity prototypes
• High fidelity prototypes
• Waterfall prototypes

What is Anthromorphism?

• tries to persuade people to change their everyday habits with respect to environmental concerns
• attributing human-like qualities to inanimate objects
• welcoming persona, has a personality and makes the user feel involved with them

Developers must attempt to ______________________ in order to produce computer systems with good usability.

• capabilities and preferences for conducting various tasks
• achieve efficient, effective and safe interaction
• easy to remember how to use
• designed with little regard to usability

A careful design is even better than good error messages which prevents a problem from occurring in the first place. Either delete or test for error-prone conditions, and offer a validation choice to users before committing to the operation.

• Error prevention
• Recognition rather than recall
• Flexibility and efficiency of use

Users shouldn't be wondering whether specific words, circumstances or acts mean the same thing. Employ conventions on website.

• Consistency and standards
• Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors
• Help and documentation
• Match between system and the real world

Expert is told of the assumptions regarding consumer population, sense of usage, task specifics in heuristic evaluation.

• True
• False

Which of the following is a concept indicating that we understand human attention?

• Tactile feedback can make the same sort of distinction that a person in the world would feel
• Avoid cluttering the interface with more information than is needed at the present moment for the user
• Under different lighting conditions the text should be legible and distinguishable from its context
• Sounds should be audible to the consumer and distinguishable

These are set of options that appear on screen.

• bars
• icons
• menus
• options

While it's best if the program can be used without documentation, support and documentation may need to be provided.

• Match between system and the real world
• Recognition rather than recall
• Help and documentation
• Consistency and standards

Sometimes the results of a field study are surprising, especially in wild studies that investigate how participants use novel technology in their own homes, workplaces, or outside.

• True
• False

These are the windows of information that pop up to warn about a significant incident or request information.

• menus
• toolbars
• dialogue boxes
• buttons

Paper and pen-based sketches used for prototyping signify which of the following?

• High-fidelity prototyping
• Low-resolution prototyping
• Rapid prototyping
• Low-fidelity prototyping

Evaluations may be carried out in controlled settings such as labs, less controlled field settings, or where no users are present.

• True
• False

Individual differences (need for structure vs. flexibility) and work situations (overloaded vs. bored) would mean that a one-size-fits-all solution is neither feasible nor prudent as we strive for optimum workplace environment and human efficiency.

• True
• False

Why should you prototype?

• to decide
• for empathy
• to test
• to plan

Does the process yield the same results on different occasions?

• Reliability

Interaction design concerned with ___________

• Conversation back and forth
• Machines with interactive systems
• Making something cool and interesting
• Person in front of the screen

Does the assessment process distort the results?

• Ecological validity

Controlled setting involving users, e.g. field experiments and seeing how the product is used in the real world in wild experiments.

• True
• False

These are the systems where augmented reality, window system, and 3D workspaces are used.

• Three dimensional interfaces
• Complex Interfaces
• Two Dimensional interfaces
• User Interfaces

Usability testing and trials require the assessor to have a high degree of control over what is being tested, while evaluators usually exert little or no control on participants in field studies.

• True
• False

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a multidisciplinary area of study focused on computer technology design and, in particular, the interaction between ______________________.

• human and machine
• user and interface
• user and interaction
• human and computer

A software engineer trained in the development of user interfaces would have gained experience, learned about approaches and techniques and gained an understanding of its weaknesses.

• True
• False

What is physiological reactions?

• Skin conductance, heart activity, breathing, pupil dilation
• Attributing human-like qualities to inanimate objects
• Interactive computer systems are designed to alter perceptions and behaviors of individuals

Walkthroughs are focused so they are suitable to assess small parts of a product.

• True
• False

Which one of these would NOT be found in a good HCI?

• Icons that can have specific meanings.
• Sounds that convey meanings
• Common short cuts, like CTRL+Z for undo.
• A long command line to achieve a function

What is facial coding?

• Skin conductance, heart activity, breathing, pupil dilation
• Sadness, happiness, fear, disgust, surprise and anger
• Measures the emotions of users by analyzing photos recorded via the camera when interacting with the device

__ customer support costs

• Decreased

What is the fundamental insight that underlies the evaluation process of "cognitive walk through?"

• The idea that users earn by exploring an interface
• The idea that cognitive processes are the most important aspect of the user experience
• The idea that experts need to work hand in hand with users to develop an optimal user experience
• The idea that users can sometimes be left out of the evaluation

It is the method of choosing items to concentrate on from the set of possibilities available for a search at a point in time.

• Recognition
• Learning
• Attention
• Perception

__ overall development and maintenance costs

• Decreased

A __ software system is one that supports the effective and efficient completino of tasks in a given work context.

• usable

These are the reports that contain information about the incident, the objective data analysis, and the conclusions.

• factual data
• accident reports
• bugs and errors
• infinite information

Fitts' law is useful in evaluating structures for which it is not possible to locate an item

• True
• False

This is the method of choosing items to concentrate on from the variety of possibilities available for a list at a time.

• Learning
• Perception
• Attention
• Recognition

Participants will be told why they are doing the test, what they will be asked to do and their rights.

• True
• False

You cannot use inspections to test specifications, mockups, functional prototypes, or systems.

• True
• False

Humans have a restricted capacity for processing information.

• True
• False

Fidelity can be considered as the

• how complete the prototype is
• how close the prototype to the final product
• level of detail and the functionality that the prototype has.
• does the prototype work correctly

Can the system measure what they are supposed to calculate?

• Validity

Modelling includes the processing of user behavior data on a website or product

• True
• False

Remote testing systems which are inexpensive are more compact than usability laboratories. Many do have handheld eye-tracking apps and other tools.

• True
• False

A Prototype is

• A restricted final version
• an early, inexpensive, and scaled down version of a product.
• an artifact that is created as a result of trying to solve a business challenge.
• what the designer believes can potentially be a solution to the problem

What is persuasive technologies?

• Interactive computer systems are designed to alter perceptions and behaviors of individuals
• Seek to convince people to change their everyday practices as regards environmental issues
• Attributing human-like qualities to inanimate objects

Designer introduces an element of the Design & Use scenarios in a cognitive walkthrough.

• True
• False

The application of technology in people's daily lives can be measured in living laboratories.

• True
• False

In the early 1990s Jacob Nielsen developed heuristic evaluation.

• True
• False

Social processes such as turn-taking, conventions etc. help us to work together and organize our activities

• True
• False

What are expressive interfaces?

• Is about use and equates with the traditional values of usability
• Provide reassuring feedback that can be both informative and fun, but also intrusive and annoying
• Welcoming persona, has a personality and makes the user feel involved with them

Fitt’s law predicts that pointing to an object using a tool is a function of the distance from the object and the size of the object.

• True
• False