The Dollar and Inflation

What does the term "real interest rate" refer to?

• The interest rate adjusted for inflation.
• The rate of return on government bonds.
• The rate at which banks lend to each other.
• The interest rate set by central banks.

What is the main cause of cost-push inflation?

• A decrease in the money supply.
• An increase in demand for goods.
• An increase in the cost of production, such as wages or raw materials.
• A decrease in consumer spending.

What is hyperinflation?

• A moderate increase in prices.
• Extremely rapid and out-of-control inflation.
• A situation where inflation is balanced.
• Inflation that affects only certain goods.

How does inflation typically affect people on fixed incomes?

• Their purchasing power decreases.
• Their income increases.
• It has no impact on them.
• It increases their savings value.

What is stagflation?

• A period of high inflation combined with high unemployment.
• A rise in inflation with falling demand.
• A sudden drop in inflation rates.
• A situation where wages and prices remain stable.

What can high inflation lead to in terms of consumer behavior?

• Consumers may buy more goods now in anticipation of rising prices.
• Consumers may stop spending altogether.
• Consumers are likely to save more money.
• Consumers will increase their investments in stocks.

How does inflation affect the cost of living?

• It reduces the cost of living.
• It has no effect on the cost of living.
• It increases the cost of living.
• It stabilizes the cost of living.

What happens to prices of goods and services in a hyperinflationary environment?

• They become stable and predictable.
• They decrease dramatically.
• They experience unpredictable and rapid increases.
• Prices rise exponentially at an uncontrollable rate.

What is a common cause of inflation?

• Increased demand for goods and services.
• Reduced supply of currency in the economy.
• Decreased population.
• Decrease in the production of oil.

What would likely happen if inflation is consistently higher than expected?

• The economy experiences rapid growth.
• Investors may demand higher interest rates to compensate for inflation.
• Unemployment rates would decrease sharply.
• Government debt would decrease as inflation rises.

Which of the following can help reduce inflation?

• Increasing consumer spending.
• Decreasing the money supply.
• Lowering taxes on corporations.
• Decreasing interest rates.

What is inflation?

• A rise in the general level of prices of goods and services.
• A fall in the price of a single item.
• A decrease in demand for goods and services.
• A sudden increase in stock market prices.

What can cause inflation to become more persistent?

• A rapid increase in the money supply.
• A sustained increase in demand for goods and services.
• A decrease in government spending.
• A reduction in consumer spending.

What does the "Dollar Index" measure?

What does the Federal Reserve do to control inflation?

• Adjusts interest rates.
• Prints more money to increase the economy.
• Increases taxes on citizens.
• Lowers the cost of goods directly.

Which of the following is NOT a type of inflation?

• Demand-pull inflation.
• Cost-push inflation.
• Reverse inflation.
• Built-in inflation.

What is a key indicator of inflation in an economy?

• The Consumer Price Index (CPI).
• The number of job vacancies.
• The amount of tax revenue collected.
• The size of the national debt.

What is one way to protect savings from inflation?

• Investing in fixed income bonds.
• Investing in assets that tend to appreciate during inflation, like real estate or stocks.
• Holding cash in savings accounts.
• Depositing money in foreign banks.

Which of the following is a result of inflation?

• A decrease in wages.
• A rise in the cost of living.
• A decrease in the value of money.
• An increase in the value of savings.

What happens if inflation continues at an accelerated pace for an extended period?

• It may lead to a decrease in currency value and economic instability.
• It results in an economic boom.
• It reduces the cost of living.
• It encourages higher production levels.

What does the Consumer Price Index (CPI) track?

• Changes in the prices of a basket of goods and services.
• The level of unemployment in the economy.
• The overall stock market performance.
• The total government spending in the economy.

Which of the following best describes the dollar's purchasing power?

• The amount of goods and services one dollar can buy.
• The amount of interest one dollar earns in a savings account.
• The amount of government bonds one can buy with a dollar.
• The total amount of dollars in circulation.

What is a possible effect of a strong U.S. dollar on global trade?

• It makes U.S. exports more competitive.
• It makes U.S. exports more expensive.
• It has no impact on trade.
• It leads to increased demand for foreign currency.

What is the economic theory of demand-pull inflation?

• It is when there is an increase in supply, leading to higher prices.
• It occurs when inflation leads to reduced consumer spending.
• It occurs when demand for goods exceeds supply, driving prices up.
• It happens when government spending increases without a corresponding increase in supply.

How does inflation affect international trade?

• It can make a country's exports more expensive.
• It makes exports cheaper.
• It has no effect on international trade.
• It reduces the demand for foreign products.

What is the role of central banks in managing inflation?

• Central banks use monetary policy tools, like adjusting interest rates, to manage inflation.
• Central banks encourage inflation through fiscal policy.
• Central banks have no role in managing inflation.
• Central banks reduce inflation by reducing the number of goods.

Which sector is typically most affected by inflation?

• The technology sector.
• The agriculture sector.
• The consumer goods sector.
• The energy sector.

Which of the following typically happens during a period of high inflation?

• The purchasing power of the currency declines.
• Consumer confidence increases.
• Interest rates drop to stimulate spending.
• Unemployment rates rise sharply.

How can inflation impact savings?

• It reduces the value of money saved.
• It increases the interest rate on savings accounts.
• It keeps the value of savings constant.
• It makes savings worth more over time.

Which of the following is the main focus of monetary policy in combating inflation?

• Managing the money supply and interest rates.
• Reducing government spending.
• Increasing the number of public workers.
• Controlling the cost of raw materials.

Which of the following is a likely consequence of prolonged high inflation?

• Higher levels of investment in the economy.
• A decrease in economic stability.
• Increased consumer confidence.
• Decreased government spending.

What is the main tool used by central banks to manage inflation?

• Adjusting interest rates.
• Increasing government spending.
• Decreasing taxes.
• Printing more money.

Which of the following can help combat inflation?

• Raising interest rates.
• Decreasing the money supply.
• Increasing government spending.
• Reducing income taxes.

What is the effect of inflation on bond prices?

• Bond prices generally fall during inflation.
• Bond prices rise with inflation.
• There is no effect on bond prices.
• Bond prices remain stable.

What happens to the dollar when inflation occurs?

• The dollar loses purchasing power.
• The value of the dollar increases.
• The dollar becomes more widely accepted.
• The value of the dollar remains stable.

Which of the following is true about deflation?

• Deflation leads to lower interest rates.
• Deflation causes a decrease in prices.
• Deflation encourages higher consumer spending.
• Deflation increases the value of money over time.

Which of the following is most likely to increase during high inflation periods?

• The value of savings accounts.
• The cost of borrowing.
• The purchasing power of wages.
• The price of bonds.

What does the value of the dollar affect?

• A person's weight.
• The purchasing power of consumers.
• The color of the currency notes.
• The speed of financial transactions.

What happens when there is a significant decrease in inflation?

• The value of the currency decreases.
• Prices of goods and services may stabilize or fall.
• The cost of borrowing increases.
• Interest rates rise sharply.

Which of the following best describes the "real" value of money?

What is the relationship between inflation and interest rates?

• Higher inflation typically leads to higher interest rates.
• Higher inflation typically leads to lower interest rates.
• There is no relationship between inflation and interest rates.
• Interest rates stay the same regardless of inflation.

What type of inflation is caused by rising production costs?

• Demand-pull inflation.
• Cost-push inflation.
• Built-in inflation.
• Hyperinflation.

What does the "Money Supply" refer to in economic terms?

• The amount of physical cash in circulation.
• The number of people with access to loans.
• The total amount of money circulating in the economy.
• The amount of debt owed by the government.

Which of the following is an effect of inflation on wages?

• It increases wages at a faster rate than inflation.
• It may erode the purchasing power of wages.
• It has no effect on wages.
• It guarantees a wage increase for workers.

What role does government debt play in inflation?

• It has no significant effect.
• It causes inflation by reducing the value of currency.
• High government debt can contribute to inflation by increasing the money supply.
• It stabilizes inflation rates.

What is the effect of inflation on long-term fixed income investments?

• It increases their value.
• It decreases their real value.
• It has no impact on them.
• It increases the rate of return on investments.

How does inflation impact the value of investments in the stock market?

• It guarantees higher returns.
• It can create uncertainty and affect market performance.
• It increases dividends and stock prices.
• It stabilizes the market.